How do I know I have it? (Symptoms and Diagnosis)

A tarantula bite will produce pain similar to a bee or wasp sting at the site of the bite, along with swelling and redness. Bites from some kinds of tarantulas can cause severe pain and numbness, but reaction beyond the site of the bite is rare for tarantula species found in the United States.

Tarantula hairs embedded in the skin cause a generalized rash with inflammation, itching, and redness. Small papules may also develop. Exposure to these hairs around the nose and throat can lead to difficulty breathing or, less commonly, allergic reactions with symptoms including rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and nausea.

Redness and irritation of the eyes can indicate that tarantula hairs have penetrated the eye.

What should I do? (Emergency Treatment)

Tarantula bites generally will not require emergency medical treatment. The main course of treatment is to address the symptoms.

Cleanse the site of the bite with soap and water to protect against infection. Apply ice packs to the area for 10 minutes on and 10 minutes off, then repeat the process. Pain and swelling can also be relieved by applying a mixture of meat tenderizer and water. Severe pain may require administration of oral pain relievers.

Irritation and itching associated with exposure to tarantula hairs can be treated with topical products such as Stingeze liquid or Itch Balm Plus or antihistamines. Tarantula hairs that are close to the surface of the skin can sometimes be removed with tape. Injury to the eye caused by tarantula hairs is complicated and requires treatment by an ophthalmologist (a doctor who specializes in the treatment of eyes).

If necessary, contact the local Poison Control Center for additional information on whether you should seek medical attention for the patient. Be sure to know the patient's age, weight, and condition; the name of the spider; the time of the bite; and the area of the body that was bitten when you call. These are all questions that will be asked of you when you call.

The patient should be taken to an emergency room if he shows signs of an allergic reaction.

How dangerous is it? (Prognosis)

Tarantula bites are not generally harmful to humans, beyond the pain of the bite and the skin irritation associated with tarantula hairs. Recovery usually takes about a week.

Death in a normally healthy individual is uncommon. However, allergic reactions can occur, and the venom from certain species of tarantula found outside the United States can be highly toxic and potentially life-threatening.

Complications can include conjunctivitis, uveitis, and other eye problems when the eye is exposed to tarantula hairs.

How can I prevent it? (Prevention)

Do not bother or play with a tarantula — it will not bite unless threatened. If handling a tarantula (as a pet, for example), wear gloves, or wash your hands with soap and water afterward and be careful not to touch your eyes until your hands are clean.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

Q: Are tarantulas as dangerous as other spiders?

A: The tarantulas found in North America will produce a bite that generally has the same symptoms and outcome as a bee sting. But some species are truly dangerous, including the funnel-web spider of Australia. A South American species of tarantula can have fangs one inch long and a leg span of up to 12 inches.

Q: What are the warning signs of a tarantula strike?

A: When threatened, a tarantula’s first reaction is to run. But when sufficiently provoked, tarantulas will make a purring sound and rear up on their back legs. This is when they flick thousands of sharp, barbed hairs at their enemies. They will also bite, but again only in their own defense.